Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and non-flammable gas. When mixed with water, it forms carbonic acid (H2CO3).
The special properties of CO2, including its inert nature and high solubility in water, make it an ideal gas in various aspects of everyday life and environmental technologies. In the food industry, for example, CO2 is used to carbonate beverages or in the treatment of drinking water and wastewater.
In its cryogenic form, as a liquid or solid (dry ice), CO2 is used as a refrigerant down to a temperature of -79°C.
Carbon dioxide is widely used as a fire suppression agent because it is a completely oxidized substance that does not participate in combustion but instead reduces the oxygen content in the air and suffocates the fire. Furthermore, as it is non-conductive and leaves no residues, it is an effective fire suppression agent for live electrical and electronic equipment fires. When discharged directly onto a burning surface, it also has a cooling effect in addition to suffocation, although its use is not recommended on equipment and materials sensitive to rapid temperature changes. Being volatile, it is effective for small outdoor fires.
Carbon dioxide comes from both natural sources (geothermal) and industrial processes. Significant quantities are recovered in refineries for hydrogen production or obtained from the production of synthesis gas and ethylene oxide.
Primary gas utilizations in different markets
Agro-food Industry
Addition of CO2 to carbonated beverages and pressurized beers; freezing and cooling; refrigerated transport.
Mechanical constructions
Protection of welds from oxidation
Health
Intrabdominal distension in surgery
Others
Dry ice (fire extinguishers); pH regulation of water
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